Muslims do have higher fertility rates, but they are a minority when it comes to total families with more than two children. There is an element of truth to the assertion that Muslims tend to have higher fertility rates in India. While some of this can be explained by their relative socio-economic backwardness, an HT analysis using NFHS data had found that Muslims have a higher share of married women with more than two children than Hindus, even in same education and wealth cohorts.
Perhaps, it is this fact, which encourages a mixing of political rhetoric around population control and religion. While Muslims to have a higher fertility rate than Hindus, the former are not an outlier when it comes to the trend of falling TFR.
Data from successive rounds of NFHS clearly prove this point. TFR for Hindus and Muslims was 3. It has come down to 2. This means that TFR has fallen by We now have fifth round of NFHS data from for some states. Assam is one of them. The TFR for Hindus was 1.
These numbers were 2. Share Via. Topics india population growth population. Get our Daily News Capsule Subscribe. Migrant workers walk to their native places near the Delhi-UP border. Put together, they will see a population increase of 29 million — which is only half the increase that UP alone in north India will see. UP and Bihar are also the two states with the highest total fertility rates TFRs average number of children born to each woman in with 3.
In the period, the TFR in India will decline to 1. In fact, according to the report, the only Indian state with a TFR higher than 2 by will be Bihar at 2. That will mean that the crude death rate deaths per thousand population will increase marginally from 7. At the state level, the crude death rate is projected to go up in states like Kerala, Andhra Pradesh and Tamil Nadu due to aging populations. While in states like Uttar Pradesh and Madhya Pradesh, the crude death rate will decline slightly.
For instance, urbanization is linked to lower fertility and more energy efficiency. But urbanization also drives up emissions through greater economic activity and increased consumption, which also lead to more land-use conversion and pollution, Swiaczny notes.
Still, Western environmentalists like Robin Maynard, head of the UK-based Population Matters , believe population growth has a place in the climate debate. They are meeting rights and also meeting planetary needs. The states with the highest fertility rates — Bihar, Uttar Pradesh, Jharkhand, Rajasthan, and Madhya Pradesh — also have the lowest socioeconomic indicators, especially with regard to women.
By contrast, low-fertility Kerala has a literacy rate of The fertility rate for women in India has sharply declined in recent decades, as it has in other countries in Southern Asia. United Nations. Still, modern contraceptive availability has not kept pace with the increasing desire for small families in most Indian states, says Muttreja. As recently as , India spent 85 percent of its family planning funds on female sterilization.
Better family planning options — including promoting male contraceptive methods — are not only about population: Unsafe abortions contribute to a third of maternal deaths in India, or an estimated eight women a day, according to one study. Neighboring countries that have offered wider family planning choices have experienced sharper increases in contraceptive use, says a report by Muttreja. In , when India had five methods available male and female sterilization, the pill, intrauterine devices, and condoms , contraceptive prevalence in the country was under 50 percent — lower than Bangladesh, Nepal, Sri Lanka, Bhutan, and Indonesia, which had seven or more contraceptive options.
Even after injectable contraceptives were introduced in India in , female sterilization continued to make up the bulk of modern birth control use.
The freeze has meant that the Hindi-speaking states such as Uttar Pradesh and Bihar, which have outstripped many other sates in population growth since the freeze, have not seen their seats in Parliament increase as they should have.
In Bihar, 26 lakh. In West Bengal, however, the number drops to 22 lakh. In Tamil Nadu, it is 18 lakh and in Kerala only 17 lakh. In effect, a Malayali has more than 1. India has tolerated this attenuation of the one-man-one-vote principle given the instability redistributing seats among states might cause.
But considering the significant changes in population, the seats have to be redistributed. When that happens, the share of parliamentary seats of low fertility southern states will fall sharply. The consequences for Indian politics could be significant: the country is already politically dominated by the more populous Hindi states and any change in the current distribution of seats in their favour will seal this domination.
If the seats were allotted proportionate to population, this ratio would likely have been much higher. A central government that does not reflect enough states from all corners of the Union might breed disaffection. This is especially true for southern states, which already feel neglected.
0コメント